Which of the following describes market risk?

Market risk refers to the risk of losses in investments due to factors that affect the overall performance of the financial markets. This type of risk is not specific to a particular company or industry but rather encompasses broader economic factors that can impact the values of assets universally.

In this context, the correct answer highlights how economic downturns can lead to declines in stock prices, bond yields, and other asset values simultaneously, affecting nearly all investments regardless of their individual characteristics. Since market risk is inherent to the entire market or a segment of the market, it cannot be mitigated simply by diversifying a portfolio.

The other options focus more on risks that are specific to individual entities or investment strategies. For instance, the first option is concerned with the specific performance of a company, while another relates to the effects of a lack of diversification. The last option suggests that risk can be controlled by asset allocation, which primarily addresses risks that can be mitigated through strategic choice rather than the unavoidable market risk that affects entire sectors or the economy as a whole.

Understanding market risk is vital for investors as it shapes their expectations and strategies regarding asset performance under various economic conditions.